{"id":5357,"date":"2024-11-11T17:13:05","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T20:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bureau-it.com\/artigos\/how-to-generate-a-public-key\/"},"modified":"2024-11-11T20:20:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T23:20:48","slug":"how-to-generate-a-public-key","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bureau-it.com\/en\/artigos\/how-to-generate-a-public-key\/","title":{"rendered":"Complete Guide: How to Generate and Configure Public SSH Keys on macOS, Linux and Windows"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The <strong>public key<\/strong> is a fundamental component in asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography. In this system, each user has a pair of keys: a public key, which can be shared freely, and a private key, which must be kept secret. The public key is used to encrypt messages or verify digital signatures, while the private key is used to decrypt messages or create digital signatures.  <\/p>\n\n<p>For example, when sending a confidential message, the sender uses the recipient&#8217;s public key to encrypt it. Only the recipient, with their corresponding private key, can decrypt and access the contents of the message. <\/p>\n\n<p>Public key cryptography is widely used in various applications, such as digital certificates, internet security protocols (SSL\/TLS) and digital signatures, guaranteeing the security and integrity of electronically transmitted information.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Here at the Bureau of Technology we use keys mainly to access remote servers using the shell in SSH connections. Below are the instructions for generating a public SSH key on each operating system and then how to make it easier to use on a day-to-day basis to connect to remote servers via the shell: <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Generating key pairs<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MacOS and Linux<\/h3>\n\n<p>Open the terminal and run the following command to generate a key pair:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C \"nome@seudominio.com\"<\/pre>\n\n<p>Explanation of the parameters:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>-t ed25519<\/code>Specifies the type of key to be generated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-C \"nome@seudominio.com\"<\/code>: Adds a comment (usually your e-mail address) to the key.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>After the command:<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You will be asked to define a name for the key file. Press Enter to use the default name (<code>~\/.ssh\/id_rsa<\/code>). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You will then be asked to set a password to protect the key. We recommend adding a password for extra security. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Your public key will be saved as <code>~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519.pub<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<p>To view the generated public key, you can use:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">cat ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519.pub<\/pre>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Windows (with OpenSSH)<\/h3>\n\n<p>In Windows 10 and higher, OpenSSH is built-in. To generate the SSH key, follow these steps: <\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Open <strong>Command Prompt<\/strong> or <strong>PowerShell<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Run the command:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C \"nome@seudominio.com\"<\/pre>\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Choose the location where you want to save the key (by default, it will be at <code>C:\\Users\\SeuUsuario\\.ssh\\id_ed25519<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set a password to protect the key (optional, but recommended).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>To display the generated public key, run:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">type $HOME\\.ssh\\id_ed25519.pub<\/pre>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Public key sharing<\/h3>\n\n<p>After generating the public key, copy its contents and paste them where necessary to configure SSH access:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Linux\/macOS<\/strong>:  <code>cat ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519.pub<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Windows<\/strong>:  <code>type $HOME\\.ssh\\id_ed25519.pub<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Attention!  <\/strong>The private key must be kept in a safe place, as any compromise of this key allows third parties to access protected systems without additional authentication. In contrast, the public key can be shared freely without negative consequences.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optimizing access to keys for everyday use<\/h2>\n\n<p>I recommend setting up the predefined connections file at <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code>. This file allows you to simplify and customize SSH connections, especially useful when managing multiple servers or specific configurations. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code>?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>The <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> file allows you to define specific settings for SSH hosts, making it easier to manage connections. With it, you can assign nicknames to servers, specify ports, default users and other connection options. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Benefits of using the SSH configuration file<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Simplifying commands<\/strong>: Avoids the need to type in long parameters when connecting to servers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Centralized management<\/strong>: Concentrates configurations from multiple hosts in a single location.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Increased security<\/strong>: Allows you to specify authentication methods and other security options per host.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to configure the file  <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Follow the steps below to create and configure the SSH configuration file:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Create the configuration file<\/strong>: If the file does not exist, create it with the command:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">  touch ~\/.ssh\/config<\/pre>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Set appropriate permissions<\/strong>: Make sure that only the owner has read and write permissions:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">  chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/config<\/pre>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Add settings for a host<\/strong>: Open the file with a text editor and add the desired settings. For example: <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">  Host meu-servidor\n      HostName 192.168.1.100\n      User usuario\n      Port 2222\n      IdentitiesOnly=yes\n      IdentityFile ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519<\/pre>\n\n<p><strong>Explanation of the parameters<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Host<\/code>: Nickname for the server.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>HostName<\/code>: IP address or domain of the server.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>User<\/code>: User name for the connection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Port<\/code>SSH port used by the server.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>IdentitiesOnly<\/code>=yes: exclusively uses the key specified in  <code>IdentityFile<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>IdentityFile<\/code>Path to the corresponding private key.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Using the configuration file<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>After configuring the file, connect to the server using the defined alias:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ssh meu-servidor<\/pre>\n\n<p>SSH will automatically apply the settings specified to <code>meu-servidor<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Practical example<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Suppose you manage two servers with different configurations. The file <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> could be configured as follows: <\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">Host servidor-web\n    HostName web.bureau-it.com\n    User admin\n    Port 22\n    IdentitiesOnly=yes\n    IdentityFile ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519_web\n\nHost servidor-banco\n    HostName db.bureau-it.com\n    User dbadmin\n    Port 2222\n    IdentitiesOnly=yes\n    IdentityFile ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519_banco<\/pre>\n\n<p>With this configuration, you can connect to the servers using only:<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ssh servidor-web<\/pre>\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ssh servidor-banco<\/pre>\n\n<p><strong>6. Safety considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Protecting the configuration file<\/strong>: Keep the file <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> with restricted permissions to prevent unauthorized access.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Private key management<\/strong>: Store private keys in secure locations and use strong passwords to protect them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>By implementing the use of the <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> file, you simplify the management of SSH connections and improve efficiency when accessing multiple servers.<\/p>\n\n<p>For more details on using the SSH configuration file, see the official <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openssh.com\/manual.html\">OpenSSH<\/a> documentation. The documentation of fundamental software for SysAdmins is dry, but it is indispensable! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n<p>See you next time!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The public key is a fundamental component in asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography. In this system, each user has a pair of keys: a public key, which can be shared freely, and a private key, which must be kept secret. The public key is used to encrypt messages or verify digital signatures, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"resumo_insta":"","imagem_insta":"","acessibilidade_insta":"","hashtags_insta":"","resumo_linkedin":"","imagem_linkedin":"","hashtag_linkedin":"","resumo_face":"","imagem_face":"","hashtag_face":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28,96],"tags":[256,255,257],"class_list":["post-5357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-shell-script","category-shell-script-en","tag-public-key","tag-ssh-en","tag-terminal-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Complete Guide: How to Generate and Configure Public SSH Keys on macOS, Linux and Windows - bureau-it.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bureau-it.com\/en\/artigos\/how-to-generate-a-public-key\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Complete Guide: How to Generate and Configure Public SSH Keys on macOS, Linux and Windows - bureau-it.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The public key is a fundamental component in asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography. 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Com experi\u00eancia t\u00e9cnica e de gest\u00e3o, dedica-se \u00e0 m\u00fasica nas horas vagas e cuida de seus cinco gatos, unindo tecnologia, arte e boas companhias.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bureau-it.com\/en\/artigos\/author\/daniel-cambria\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Complete Guide: How to Generate and Configure Public SSH Keys on macOS, Linux and Windows - bureau-it.com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bureau-it.com\/en\/artigos\/how-to-generate-a-public-key\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Complete Guide: How to Generate and Configure Public SSH Keys on macOS, Linux and Windows - bureau-it.com","og_description":"The public key is a fundamental component in asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography. 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